![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Table 1 reviews previous studies that have dealt with tropical updraft cores since the GATE papers. They applied these criteria to vertical velocity events during the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). ![]() Updraft cores are required to have a vertical velocity of 1 m s −1 or more for a length of at least 500 m. This paper examines the structure of updrafts, following the definition of an updraft core in LeMone and Zipser (1980), which has been used in previous tropical updraft studies. The results are compared to the results from previous tropical oceanic updraft measurements and a second region that was studied in the central tropical Pacific. This paper provides the first measurements of this type made in an important continental tropical region, the southern Amazon region of Brazil (during the wet season), and includes measurements at higher altitudes than previously have been reported. However, the in situ studies to date have been in oceanic tropical regions, and only a few regions have been studied. These studies, which are described below, provide much of the basis for our current understanding of tropical updraft structure together with remote sensing and modeling studies. Previous studies have successfully used in situ airborne measurements of updraft kinematics to examine several features of tropical updrafts. The study of updrafts in tropical clouds is an essential part of research on tropical convective systems. ![]()
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